Programs for Nested Functions
Program 1: Basic Nested Function for Greeting
def greet(name):
"""Outer function that defines a nested greeting function."""
def display_message():
"""Inner function to create a greeting message."""
return f"Hello, {name}!"
return display_message()
# Example usage
print(greet("Alice"))
Expected Output:
Hello, Alice!
Program 2: Nested Function for Calculating Factorial
def calculate_factorial(n):
"""Outer function to calculate factorial using an inner recursive function."""
def factorial(x):
if x == 1:
return 1
else:
return x * factorial(x - 1)
return factorial(n)
# Example usage
print("Factorial of 5:", calculate_factorial(5))
Expected Output:
Factorial of 5: 120
Program 3: Nested Function to Calculate Area and Perimeter of a Rectangle
def rectangle_properties(length, width):
"""Outer function to calculate area and perimeter using nested functions."""
def area():
return length * width
def perimeter():
return 2 * (length + width)
return f"Area: {area()}, Perimeter: {perimeter()}"
# Example usage
print(rectangle_properties(5, 3))
Expected Output:
Area: 15, Perimeter: 16
Program 4: Nested Function to Find Maximum of Three Numbers
def find_maximum(a, b, c):
"""Outer function to find the maximum of three numbers using a nested function."""
def maximum(x, y):
return x if x > y else y
return maximum(a, maximum(b, c))
# Example usage
print("Maximum of 3, 7, and 5:", find_maximum(3, 7, 5))
Expected Output:
Maximum of 3, 7, and 5: 7
Program 5: Nested Function with Conditional Logic (Palindrome Checker)
def is_palindrome(word):
"""Outer function to check if a word is a palindrome."""
def reverse(w):
return w[::-1]
return word == reverse(word)
# Example usage
print("Is 'radar' a palindrome?", is_palindrome("radar"))
print("Is 'hello' a palindrome?", is_palindrome("hello"))
Expected Output:
Is 'radar' a palindrome? True
Is 'hello' a palindrome? False
These examples demonstrate various uses of nested functions, from recursive calculations to helper functions for performing specific tasks within a larger function.
